Free Essays on SNCC

The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee became one of the most influential groups of the Civil Rights era. Through their efforts of making a difference at the grassroots level, SNCC’s membership was able to make changes that were not often noticed in the national stage, but in the personal lives of those oppressed in the Deep South. The members of SNCC were real people seeking to make real social change. During this time of change, the members of the SNCC allowed white people into their organization and in the end, was proven to be a vital aspect of their demise. The 1964 Freedom Summer was a violent summer, and by its end, SNCC was left in a near state of disarray. Thousands of volunteers had been mobilized, hundreds had been arrested, a few had been killed, and permanent staff members were overworked and short-tempered. SNCC had grown bigger than anyone had dreamed it would, and the time had come to assess the group's direction and focus. One issue that needed to be addressed was whether SNCC was going to embrace other issues of injustice, or continue devoting itself to the single goal of Black liberation. â€Å"Veteran SNCC workers rejected the use of white organizers in black communities on the grounds that this hindered the development of feelings of self-confidence among blacks (Carson, 299)†. Furthermore, the Summer Project was considered a success. Nevertheless, the tensions experienced left their mark on those involved, and ‘the summer marked the end of SNCC’s efforts to encourage white participation. However, whites continued to take 2 an interest, and SNCC welcomed nearly 80 whites who wished to stay on in Mississippi as full members. Although the idea of the ‘beloved community’ did not survive within SNCC, other organizations, notably SCLC, continued to promote white participation. On the surface, white participation was a natural phenomenon in a movement dedicated to integration in the light of ... Free Essays on SNCC Free Essays on SNCC The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee became one of the most influential groups of the Civil Rights era. Through their efforts of making a difference at the grassroots level, SNCC’s membership was able to make changes that were not often noticed in the national stage, but in the personal lives of those oppressed in the Deep South. The members of SNCC were real people seeking to make real social change. During this time of change, the members of the SNCC allowed white people into their organization and in the end, was proven to be a vital aspect of their demise. The 1964 Freedom Summer was a violent summer, and by its end, SNCC was left in a near state of disarray. Thousands of volunteers had been mobilized, hundreds had been arrested, a few had been killed, and permanent staff members were overworked and short-tempered. SNCC had grown bigger than anyone had dreamed it would, and the time had come to assess the group's direction and focus. One issue that needed to be addressed was whether SNCC was going to embrace other issues of injustice, or continue devoting itself to the single goal of Black liberation. â€Å"Veteran SNCC workers rejected the use of white organizers in black communities on the grounds that this hindered the development of feelings of self-confidence among blacks (Carson, 299)†. Furthermore, the Summer Project was considered a success. Nevertheless, the tensions experienced left their mark on those involved, and ‘the summer marked the end of SNCC’s efforts to encourage white participation. However, whites continued to take 2 an interest, and SNCC welcomed nearly 80 whites who wished to stay on in Mississippi as full members. Although the idea of the ‘beloved community’ did not survive within SNCC, other organizations, notably SCLC, continued to promote white participation. On the surface, white participation was a natural phenomenon in a movement dedicated to integration in the light of ...

American Sign Language As A Language Education Essay

American Sign Language As A Language Education Essay In this chapter, a review of the literature that serves as a foundation for this study is presented. The literature review addresses the theoretical basis of considering American Sign Language as a language, issues in the administration of modern/foreign language programs that parallel the concerns of sign language program administrators, national language program standards, the history of the teaching and administration of post-secondary sign language programs including information on the academic acceptance of sign language in higher education. Concluding this chapter will be a discussion on the state of the literature. American Sign Language as a Language The discussion of ASL and its membership as a language did not occur before William Stokoe, of Gallaudet University in Washington D.C., breached the topic in 1955. Many educators believed sign language was a system of pantomime or broken English. This belief was also held by the deaf individuals themselves (Miller, 2008). Stokoe believed that ASL was indeed a naturally occurring and distinct language ustilized by deaf people and could be studied as a language (Stokoe, 1960 ). Stokoe’s research spanned from 1955 to 1965 and covered signing as a linguistic system and signs as a part of the system. The first American Sign Language Dictionary was published in 1965 at the conclusion of the first part of Stokoe’s research. The focus part of Stokeoe’s continued research focused on the syntax of the language and its importance to teaching English to deaf children. Dr Stokoe asserts he was in constant contact with the Center for Applied Linguistics, the Georgetown University School of Language and Linguistics, and the Washington Linguistics Club, laying the foundation and belief that parts of sign language grammar paralleled parts of the languages they were studying (Stokoe, 1990). Stokoe believed signs could be taken apart and analyzed into parts allowing researchers and linguists to study how the language works, how they evolved, and how they could be taught. The work of William Stokoe was not widely accepted among all professionals. Since the 1970s many have argued against the language classification for ASL and especially that of foreign language (Stokoe, 1960; Wilcox, 1990). ASL was studied and analyzed without further evidence that it was a full blown language. Questions have been raised regarding ASL’s legitimacy as a foreign language. The following are a set of questions that are common among critics of ASL. (a) Isn’t ASL indigenous to the United States and therefore not foreign? (b) Isn’t ASL a derivative of English which would disqualify it as a separate language? (c) Is ASL naturally occurring and evolving? (d) If ASL is not written, how can it have a culture? (e) Is there a body of literature to support ASL and its culture? All of these questions have been asked over the decades and have been the major road blocks to ASL being recognized a s a language. William Stokoe effectively answered these questions over several years which have been supported by several other scholars in linguistics and culture. In response to the questions regarding whether or not ASL is a language, Stokoe explains in detail with books and dictionaries the morphology, phonology, syntax, as well as semantics and pragmatics and how it differs from that of English or other spoken languages (Stokoe, 1960). Wilcox it contains structures and processes which English lacks (Wilcox, 1999; Vigoda, 1993). When comparing American Sign Language to other accepted foreign languages one must take in to account that Navajo and several other Native American languages are widely accepted as foreign languages, being even more indigenous to America than ASL. A language need not be foreign to be considered a foreign language (Wilcox, S. & Wilcox, P., 1991).

Why College is important for a successful career Essay

Why College is important for a successful career - Essay Example Students who have attended college stand a better chance to succeed in their careers than those who do not attend college. Based on this notion, this paper will raise an argument that supports why attending college is crucial for career success. College can be regarded as a crucial institution that ought to be attended by students owing to the various benefits, which can be attributed to attending college. College is important because it offers students with significant exposure, which helps them significantly during their job search. By attending college, students get well equipped with the requirements of the job market and can, therefore, navigate through the job market with a lot of ease. Unlike students who have not attended college, college students can face interviewers with a lot of confidence and determination. The exposure attained in college makes students competent and this enables them to stand high chances of getting the jobs, which they may seek (Gardner, Jewler, and Barefoot 11-15). College helps students become successful, both in their careers and life, in a number of ways. When students attend college, they are assured of getting jobs immediately upon graduation. Students who attend college have better credentials than students who do not have any qualifications, which match college education. As a result, they are better placed to be preferred by employers than high school graduates. This means that job prospects for college students tend to be higher than those of other students. Employers maintain that college students have the potential than high school graduates. With this in mind, college students have a high probability of getting jobs. With jobs, they can improve their lives significantly, and afford high standards of living; as opposed to those who lack a college education (Gardner, Jewler, and Barefoot 11-15). The other way in which college helps students become successful is because they can earn a high income with a college education. It is eviden t that college graduates earn a higher income than their high school counterparts. With college education qualifications, employers will give a reasonable package to graduates. As such, they will get a considerable income that will help them improve their lives significantly. Thus, college education determines success in life; as the graduates can achieve their dreams with a lot of ease. Graduates who have attained college qualifications can drive good cars and live in decent houses. In most societies, success in life is defined by the ability of a graduate to drive a vehicle after graduating, as well as afford to shop in esteemed destinations and live in high class estates (Gardner, Jewler, and Barefoot 11-15). College can be termed as advantageous in a number of ways; in college, students can get a scholarship to engage in sports. Getting sports’ scholarship can be termed as one of the advantages of attending college. Scholarships for students who engage in sports is crucia l since it helps students gain motivation to study. Thus, attending college can help athletes and students engaging in sports get endorsements from media companies and other large companies. Such endorsements can be beneficial to the graduates since they earn a lot of money when they receive endorsements. College is also advantageous since it gives students an opportunity to interact and share with other students and professionals. As a result, the students gain exceptional expertise in their respective

Seated buddha in meditation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Seated buddha in meditation - Essay Example Currently, Buddhism is widespread in India, China, Korea, and Japan. The sculptures of Buddha describe the various positions and activities practiced in Buddhism during worship. These positions include meditation, praying and activities such as offering sacrifices and protection. Buddha seated in meditation, is one of the Indian gods created by the Sri Lankan artists. It is one of the art products of the sixteenth-century. The figure sits on a lotus-vine pedestal, deep in meditation. The body contains several lakshana, numerous auspicious marks that are a sign of his Buddhahood. The sculpture has thirty two conspicuous marks referred to as mahapurusalakshana. There are also eighty lesser marks such as the forehead mark (urna) and the flame protuberance (ushnisha). Other marks in the meditating Buddha are contained in the extended earlobes, locks of hair and the lotus marks on the hands and feet. The sculpture has a height of 48.7 centimeters, width of 36 centimeters, and a diameter of 20 centimeters. The figure is displayed in a glass case placed directly on the museum floor. The front end of the case contains transparent glass that gives a clear view of the sculpture. The sides of the case are made of brownish concrete for protecting the sculpture. The inte rior of the case is white in color, which creates a high contrast with the copper sculpture. Buddha started Buddhism, a religion practiced in India, Sri Lanka, and other parts of Asia. The work is made for the Buddhist followers where meditation is the seventh step in the eight fold path. The eight fold path contains the teachings that guide Buddhists through their faith in order to experience peace in this world and the afterlife. The sculpture is seated in a lotus position, which is the recommended position during meditation. The meditating Buddha is seated in a lotus position with the feet resting on the opposite thigh. The hands are loosely placed

Cool Hand Luke :: essays research papers

In Cool Hand Luke, the movie begins with the word, VIOLATION, across the screen. The word is from a parking meter and sets the tone for the entire movie. Luke Jackson, the title character, is arrested for cutting off the heads of the town’s parking meters while drunk, or in legal terms, for destroying municipal property while under the influence of alcohol. When asked why he cut the heads off the parking meters, Luke answers, â€Å"You could say I was settling an old score.† While it leaves the viewers believing that he probably received a parking ticket at some time in the past, no clues are given to what the old score may have been. He is sentenced to two years in a road prison, in a chain gang. His punishment did not fit the crime, and today, such an act would probably result in time spent in community service rather than a hard labor prison gang. To further accentuate that his sentence is worse than his crime, Luke Jackson dies at the end of his story. Luke is a decorated veteran, yet left the military service just as he went in, as a Private. This indicates that he had authority problems while there. He received the Silver Star, Bronze Star and a couple of Purple Hearts and that indicates that he is brave and probably humanitarian, because the Silver Star is usually given in recognition of a life-saving deed of valor. That he was never promoted, or else promoted and consequently demoted, (the story does not elaborate on the details) indicates that his superiors, those who had the authority to promote him, did not react well to his achievements. For Luke, death represents ultimate freedom. There is no doubt that he believes in God, in that he talks to God several times throughout the movie, yet his conversations are always more like arguments than prayers. In one of the final scenes, the empty shell of a church represents Luke’s relationship with God, and even the emptiness in himself. Luke feels that God has never been there for him. He tells God just before the end of the story that God hasn’t ever dealt him a good hand. That military authorities considered him a hero, decorating him with medals, doesn’t make him a hero in his own eyes. Luke is a tortured soul, in that he tells God that he doesn’t deserve any good thing because he killed people in the war. Still, Luke is a free spirit, true to himself, with no regard for the rules and regulations of other human beings. The crime he is arrested for is not one of violence toward any person, it is

Historical Events Since 1945 Essay

The formation of the United Nations (1945) Kegley (2007) mentions that the failure of the League of Nations, brought about the creation of the United Nations in 1945. Following the planning of the American, British and Soviet allies for a new international organization to maintain peace and security, the United Nations came into existence on 24 October 1945. Today, the United Nations has many departments that deal with vast global issues mainly humanitarian, economic and social. The creation of the United Nations has also brought the birth of other organizations such as the European Union in 1993 and the World Trade organization in 1995. Internationally, the living standards of many have positively changed since the founding of the United Nations The creation of the declaration of Human Rights (1948) According to Hass (2008), the second charter of the United Nations after peace promotions is human rights. ( Vandersluis and Yerous in Kegley 2007, p. 220) state that â€Å" the universalist claim, that all human beings have the same moral status; to accept universal human rights the moral demand to respect the life, integrity, well-being and flourishing of all human beings†. This was the general idea when the declaration of human rights was created. Violence, racial and gender discrimination, child abuse, religion and immigration laws are now governed by these laws. This has encouraged peace and development across the globe. The introduction of oral contraception (1958) Oral contraception is a means of preventing unwanted pregnancies through the ingesting of the pill. The pill was first introduced in the United States as an alternative to minimize infant mortality and enforce women rights with issues concerning child birth. Prior to the use of the oral pill, women used to go to extreme measure to exercise birth control. Women used to nurse their children for two to three years. This would suppress ovulation protecting them from pregnancy. Another natural method is coitus reservatus or withholding ejaculation† Elder (n. d). This development is a safer, efficient and reliable method for women today. Other methods of contraception where then introduced to suit different women across the world. The Entebbe Raid (1976) This eve nt occurred when Air France departed from Paris to Athens bound to Israel was hijacked by seven Palestinians and diverted to Entebbe airport in Uganda. Haas (2008) reports that there were Jewish and Israeli passengers on board. The battle on the airfield was a result of the fear of a massacre portrayed by the hijackers. Ugandan soldiers and a small number of hostages were killed. This event marked the beginning of air flight hijackings. In 2001, the Americans were attacked by the Taliban in a similar manner and many perished. Due to such an event, strict rules and regulations for passengers have been enforced globally to ensure the safety of the innocent. The Bhopal industrial accident (1984) The Union Carbide pesticide plant in Bhopal, India experienced the worst industrial accident in history. A leakage of forty tons of chemicals resulted in the death of over seven thousand and two hundred thousand injuries according to Haas (2008). This was a wakeup call for many industrial plants to exercise extreme caution. Codes of conduct in the workplace are of major importance today. Companies are now required to ensure that health and safety procedures are implemented. Environmental awareness is also a major topic of discussion as this accident had an impact on the environment.

Should Prayer Be Allowed School - 1623 Words

Research has found that there is a correlation between those that feel the federal government is too powerful and those that would agree that prayer should be allowed in school. On the flip side to that those that feel the government does not have enough power and tend to disagree with pear being allowed in school. Based off articles researched and statistics gathered as well summarized it can be determined that those that are of the conservative and or republican party tend to feel that the government should not have a say in prayer in school. This may be because of religious preference or their belief that government should not have enough power to interfere in the religious beliefs of citizens. The flipside to that is that those on the†¦show more content†¦Most individuals on the liberal spectrum tend to agree with the courts when it declared government sponsored prayers are unconstitutional. The less conservative individuals show a tendency to believe that any amendment that allows for voluntary prayer would contradict the first amendment guarantee against government establishment of religion. Most on the liberal spectrum or those that feel the government does not have enough power feel that any sort of Government action to allow voluntary prayer in schools could be at the cost of the civil rights of students. It is believed that any amendment or law consenting for voluntary prayer would diminish the very heart of the Bill of Rights; which protects the rights of people from the oppression from the majority. Those that do not allow or want to allow prayer in school think that any amendment affirming that prayer should be allowed in school would actually introduce assembled prayer or force persons into prayer. Those that clash with prayer in school fear that judgement against those that do not participate in school prayer. Those in the small percentage that do not want to participate would be obligated to follow to a belief or ritual that which the y do not believe. This could cause the individual to suffer the humiliation or burden of submitting a day-to-day spiritual exercise continuously in order to avoid being singled out by mainstream colleagues and educators. Grafton, C., Show MoreRelatedEssay on School Prayer Should Be Allowed729 Words   |  3 Pages School Prayer Should Be Allowed I attended twelve years of Catholic School. My parents consented to the decision of my enrollment and they knew what was involved. They knew that the study of God and prayer was mandatory. Prayer in school in my case produced and environment of discipline and respect for the teachers. The involvement of my parents and the faculty in the use of prayer was in full agreement. However, my view was not even considered important. My rights had been violated. The FirstRead MoreEssay on Prayer Should Be Allowed in Public Schools1727 Words   |  7 PagesPrayer Should Be Allowed in Public Schools School prayer is a very controversial issue in today’s society. The issue of school prayer is about whether the public school systems should let the students pray, at the start of the school day, as a class. The issue of school prayer began in the late sixteenth century when people in England did not approve of the way one religion was forced upon them, so the Puritans, known as the Pilgrims decided to come to the colonies. Even in the colonies theRead MoreEssay on Prayer Should Not be Allowed in Public Schools1051 Words   |  5 PagesPrayer Should Not be Allowed in Public Schools School prayer is a very controversial issue in today’s society. This issue has been a problem since America was first founded, in that the country was founded on religious beliefs. The Pilgrims wanted to be able to express their beliefs freely, but in England this freedom was not found, so they decided to come to the Americas, where their beliefs could be expressed freely. As time passed they realized that having this kind of freedomRead MoreThe Constitutionality of Prayer in Public Schools Essay698 Words   |  3 PagesMany people agree against prayer in public schools, while others think that people should be able to express their religion in their own ways. In public schools, they are not allowed to hold prayers at all during the school day due to the mixed religion students that are attending the school. Over the past few years, this has become an extremely controversial issue in our nation. Many people find it proper to pray in school but many people also agree that it is extremely wrong and that if thereRead MoreReligion in Public Schools Essay1131 Words   |  5 PagesReligion in school is the practice of any personal religious beliefs in a place of education. Introduction: In recent years teaching or the individual practice of religion in school has become a very controversial topic. There are many different views on this matter and even more opinions on how it should be handled. There are people on both sides of the spectrum, there are those who believe that it should be taught and allowed in school, and there are those who believe it should not be taughtRead MorePrayer in Schools Essay1215 Words   |  5 PagesPrayer in Public School There are many different philosophies regarding prayer in public school. It seems to be a difficult issue to decide upon. The opinions are wide-ranging and convoluted. This paper will attempt to highlight the many ideas and opinions as to whether prayers in public school should be allowed and to what extent. It will further show how our founders idea of a separate church and state has been taken out of context and why prayer in school should be allowed, but not requiredRead MoreThe Issue of School Prayer1009 Words   |  4 PagesThe issue of school prayer has been a thorny one in the United States for many years now. In the beginning of the nineteenth century readings of the Bible and prayer were common practices in public schools. However prayer was banned in 1962 due to claims that it was violating the First Amendment right that the government was not allowed to support religion, and from then on the Supreme Court has ruled against any and all forms of prayer in schools. Schoo ls cannot however ban students from prayingRead MorePosition Paper1680 Words   |  7 PagesPosition Paper Introduction Looking back over the past two hundred and seven years, every session of the United States Senate has been opened with a prayer. Doing so has reaffirmed the Senates faith that God is the Sovereign Lord of our Nation. Barry C. Black currently serves as the spiritual advisor and counselor for the United States Senate with the title of Chaplin. Over the years, this position has ranged from part time, to now a full time position (United States Senate, 2011). EverRead MoreEssay on Prayer in Public Schools1051 Words   |  5 PagesPrayer in Public Schools An issue that has been constantly debated for years is whether voluntary prayer in public schools should be permitted. A student should be allowed to pray voluntarily at the beginning of each school day based on many reasons. Prayer based on moral beliefs reinforce good citizenship as defined by our forefathers. A daily reminder of a need for the belief of good over evil is a necessary part of this society. Daily voluntary school prayer should be re-instated in publicRead More Religion in Public Schools - More Questions than Answers Essay examples1161 Words   |  5 PagesPrayer in Public Schools - More Questions than Answers    Censorship is a very broad topic.   Is it good or bad?   Often, we ask ourselves if such things need to exist because of the First Amendment right.   It states, Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.   (Amendments